Chapter Mock Test
Total Marks:40
Duration:45 min
Total Questions:20
Difficulty:Mixed
Test Structure
- —Section A: 10 MCQs (1 mark each)
- —Section B: 6 Short Answer (3 marks each)
- —Section C: 2 Long Answer (5 marks each)
Before taking the test
- —Know the water cycle stages: Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation, Collection — driven by the Sun
- —Remember water distribution: 97.3% saltwater, 2.7% freshwater, only about 1% usable
- —Average ocean salinity = 35 parts per thousand (35‰); higher with more evaporation, lower near river mouths
- —Waves: caused by wind; crest = highest, trough = lowest; water moves in circles, energy moves forward
- —Tsunami: caused by underwater earthquakes (NOT wind); 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami is a key example
- —Tides: caused by Moon and Sun gravitational pull; two high and two low tides daily
- —Spring tides = full/new moon (Sun, Moon, Earth in line = very high tides). Neap tides = quarter moon (at right angles = moderate)
- —Warm currents: equator to poles (Gulf Stream keeps Europe warm). Cold currents: poles to equator (can cause deserts)
- —Where warm and cold currents meet = great fishing grounds (e.g., Newfoundland)
- —Water conservation methods: rainwater harvesting, drip irrigation, fixing leaks, recycling water, planting trees
Key Concepts to Remember
Water Distribution
97.3% saltwater + 2% frozen + 0.7% usable = 100%. Only 1% is available for human use
Ocean Movements
Waves (wind) + Tides (Moon/Sun gravity) + Currents (temperature/wind) = Three types of ocean movement
Tides
Spring = Full/New Moon (in a line, very high). Neap = Quarter Moon (right angles, moderate)
Ocean Currents
Warm (equator to poles, bring rain) + Cold (poles to equator, can cause deserts). Meeting point = fishing grounds